ꯁꯥꯑꯣꯃꯤ ꯑꯦꯃ꯳꯶꯵ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯇꯔ ꯇꯌꯥꯔ

ꯅꯦꯗꯣꯡ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯀꯣ., ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰꯰꯹ꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ, ꯏ-ꯕꯥꯏꯛ, ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯇꯔ ꯇꯌꯥꯔ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯨꯏꯂꯆꯦꯌꯥꯔ, ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯣꯕꯣꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯂꯦꯁ ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯅꯤꯀꯣꯝ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯇꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯅꯦꯗꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯇꯔ ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯣꯍꯁ, ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯁꯀꯆꯔꯤ꯫ ꯅꯦꯗꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ, ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ, ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯚꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯤꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ

ꯇꯌꯥꯔ ꯋꯗꯦꯑꯣ .

ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ [...]

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯟ-ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯚꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯝꯄꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯋꯦꯠ ꯇꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯳꯰% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯵% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯂꯦꯁ ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ, ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯚꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ, ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ, ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ, ꯐꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ, ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ, ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.

꯱.ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯒꯨꯋꯥꯡꯗꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ, ꯲꯰꯰꯹ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯂꯦꯁ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ . ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯏꯅꯣꯕꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯟꯗ.ꯗꯤ.ꯕꯤꯚꯥꯒ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ,ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯅꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

꯲.ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ;

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ; ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ

꯳.ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯂꯦꯁ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ .

4. ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯦꯗꯣꯡ ꯀꯣ., ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯰ꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯕꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ&ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ, ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯂꯁ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯳꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ꯫

5. ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯌꯥꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ: FOB,CFR,CIF,EXW

ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯦꯅꯐꯝ:ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.,ꯏꯌꯨ.ꯑꯥꯔ.,ꯖꯦ.ꯄꯤ.ꯋꯥꯏ.,ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯗꯤ.,ꯑꯦ.ꯌꯨ.ꯗꯤ.,ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯀꯦ.ꯗꯤ.,ꯖꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯄꯤ.,ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯋꯥꯏ.,ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯑꯦꯐ.;

ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯇꯤ/ꯇꯤ,ꯃꯅꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ,ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯠ ꯀꯥꯔꯗ,ꯄꯦꯄꯜ,ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ,ꯀꯦꯁ

ꯂꯣꯜ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ:ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ,ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ,ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁ,ꯖꯥꯄꯥꯅꯤꯖ,ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯨꯒꯤꯖ,ꯖꯥꯔꯃꯥꯟ,ꯑꯔꯕꯤꯛ,ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ,ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ,ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ,ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯤ,ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯟ